Rapid Security Responses are a new tool that Apple is using to deliver important security updates to iOS, iPadOS, and macOS.
The first Rapid Security Response update was recently released for the latest versions of iOS and macOS (iOS/iPadOS 16.4.1 and macOS 13.3.1).
If you're on the latest version of the OS, these updates will be installed automatically, and will attempt to restart your device if needed.
More details are available from Apple, including steps you can take to make sure these updates have been installed.